مزج بين الفرنسي و الانجليزية =؟؟؟؟؟؟؟؟؟؟

1. Some Basic Phrases
Bonjour (bohn-zhoor) Hello / Good day
Bonsoir / Bonne nuit (bohn-swahr/bun nwee) Good evening / Good night (only said when going to bed)
Au revoir! (ohr-vwah) Goodbye!
S'il vous plaît (seel voo pleh) Please
Merci beaucoup (mair-see boh-koo)
Je vous en prie / de rien (In Canada: Bienvenu) (zhuh voo zawn pree/duh ree-ahn/bee-awn-vuh-
Thank you very much
new) You're welcome.
Oui / non (wee/nohn) Yes / no
Monsieur, Madame, Mademoiselle (muh-syuh, mah-dahm, mahd-mwah-zell) Mister, Misses, Miss
Comment allez-vous? (koh-mawn tahl-ay voo) How are you? (formal)
Ça va? (sah vah) How are you? (informal)
Je vais bien (zhuh vay bee-ahn) I'm fine
Ça va bien / mal / pas mal (sah vah bee-ahn/mahl/pah mahl) I'm good / bad / not bad
Je suis fatigué(e) (zhuh swee fah-tee-gay) I'm tired
Je suis malade (zhuh swee mah-lahd) I'm sick
J'ai faim (zhay fawn) I'm hungry
J'ai soif (zhay swahf) I'm thirsty
Comment vous appelez-vous? (koh-mawn voo zah-play voo) What's your name? (formal)
Comment t'appelles-tu? (koh-mawn tah-pell tew) What's your name? (informal)
Je m'appelle... (zhuh mah-pell) I am called...
Mon nom est... (mohn nohm ay) My name is...
Vous êtes d'où? (voo zet doo) Where are you from? (formal)
Tu es d'où? (tew ay doo) Where are you from? (informal)
Où habitez-vous? (ooh ah-bee-tay voo) Where do you live? (formal)
Où habites-tu? (ooh ah-beet tew) Where do you live? (informal)
Je suis des Etats-Unis / du Canada. (zhuh swee day zay-tahz-ew-nee/dew kah-nah-dah) I am from the United States / Canada.
J'habite aux Etats-Unis / au Canada. (zhah-beet oh zay-tahz-ew-nee/ oh kah-nah-dah) I live in the U.S. / Canada.
Vous avez quel âge? (voo za-vay kell ahzh) How old are you? (formal)
Tu as quel âge? (tew ah kell ahzh) How old are you? (informal)
J'ai ____ ans. (zhay ____ awn) I am ____ years old.
Parlez-vous français?
Parles-tu anglais?
(par-lay voo frahn-say) Do you speak French? (formal)
(parl tew on-glay) Do you speak English? (informal)
Italien, Allemand, Espagnol (ee-tahl-ee-ahn, ahll-uh-mawn, es-pahn-yol) Italian, German, Spanish
Russe, Japonais, Chinois (rooss, zhah-po-neh, shee-nwah) Russian, Japanese, Chinese
Je parle... (zhuh parl) I speak...
Je ne parle pas... (zhuh nuh parl pah) I don't speak...
Je (ne) comprends (pas) (zhuh nuh com-prawn pah) I (don't) understand
Je (ne) sais (pas) (zhuhn say pah) I (don't) know
Excusez-moi / Pardonnez-moi (eg-scew-zay mwah/par-dohn-ay mwah) Excuse me / Pardon me
Je regrette / Je suis désolé(e) (zhuh re-gret/zhuh swee day-zoh-lay) I'm sorry
A tout à l'heure / A bientôt (ah too tah luhr/ah bee-ahn-toh) See you later / See you soon
Salut (sah-lew) Hi / Bye
Je t'aime (zhuh tem) I love you (singular)
Je vous aime (zhuh voo zem) I love you! (plural)
2. Pronunciation
French letter(s)
English Sound
a, à, â
ah
é, et, and final er and ez
ay
e, è, ê, ai, ei, ais
eh
i, y
ee
o
oh
o
shorter and more open than aw in bought
ou
oo
oy, oi
wah
u
ew
u + vowel
wee
c (before e, i, y)
s
ç (before a, o, u)
s
c (before a, o, u)
k
g (before e, i, y)
zh
ge (before a, o)
zh
g (before a, o, u)
g
gn
nyuh
h
silent
j
zh
qu, final q
k
r
rolled
s (between vowels)
z
th
t
x
ekss, except as s in six, dix, and soixante in liaisons, like z
Note: French pronunciation is tricky because it uses nasal sounds which we do not have in English and there are a lot of silent letters. However, if a word ends in C, R, F or L (except verbs that end in -r) you usually pronounce the final consonant. Their vowels tend to be shorter as well. The French slur most words together in a sentence, so if a word ends in a consonant that is not pronounced and the next word starts with a vowel or silent h, slur the two together as if it were one word.
More about Pronunciation
1. The "slurring" that I mentioned is called liaison. It is always made:
• after a determiner (words like un, des, les, mon, ces, quels)
• before or after a pronoun (vous avez, je les ai)
• after a preceding adjective (bon ami, petits enfants)
• after one syllable prepositions (en avion, dans un livre)
• after some one syllable adverbs (très, plus, bien)
• after est
It is optional after pas, trop fort, and the forms of être, but it is never made after et.
2. Sometimes the e is dropped in words and phrases, shortening the syllables and slurring more words.
• rapid(e)ment, lent(e)ment, sauv(e)tage (pronounced ra-peed-mawn, not ra-peed-uh-mawn)
• sous l(e) bureau, chez l(e) docteur (pronounced sool bewr-oh, not soo luh bewr-oh)
• il a d(e) bons copains (eel ahd bohn ko-pahn, not eel ah duh bohn ko-pahn)
• il y a d(e)... , pas d(e)... , plus d(e)... (eel yahd, pahd, plewd, not eel ee ah duh, pah duh, or plew duh)
• je n(e), de n(e) (zhuhn, duhn, not zhuh nuh or duh nuh)
• j(e) te, c(e) que (shtuh, skuh, not zhuh tuh or suh kuh - note the change of the pronunciation of the j as well)
3. In general, intonation only rises for yes/no questions, and all other times, it goes down at the end of the sentence.
4. Two sounds that are tricky to an American English speaker are the differences between the long and short u and e. The long u is pronounced oooh, as in hoot. The short u does not exist in English though. To pronounce is correctly, round your lips as if to whistle, and then say eee. The long and short e are relatively easy to pronounce, but sometimes it is difficult to hear the difference. The long e is pronounced openly, like ay, as in play. The short e is more closed, and pronounced like eh, as in bed.
6. And of course, the nasals. These are what present the most problems for English speakers. Here are the orthographical representations, and approximate pronunciations. Nasal means that you expel air through your nose while saying the words, so don't actually pronounce the n fully.
My Representation
Pronunciation
Orthographical Representation
ahn
an apple
in, im, yn, ym, ain, aim, ein, eim, un, um, en, eng, oin, oing, oint, ien, yen, éen
awn
on the desk
en, em, an, am, aon, aen
ohn
my own book
on, om
In words beginning with in-, a nasal is only used if the next letter is a consonant. Otherwise, the in- prefix is pronounce een before a vowel.
3. Alphabet
a
ah
j
zhee
s
ess
b
beh
k
kah
t
teh
c
seh
l
ell
u
ooh
d
deh
m
em
v
veh
e
uh
n
en
w
doo-blah-veh
f
eff
o
oh
x
eeks
g
zheh
p
peh
y
ee-grek
h
ahsh
q
koo
z
zed
i
ee
r
air
4. Nouns, Articles and Demonstrative Adjectives
All nouns in French have a gender, either masculine or feminine. For the most part, you must memorize the gender, but there are some endings of words that will help you decide which gender a noun is. Nouns ending in -age and -ment are usually masculine, as are nouns ending with a consonant. Nouns ending in -ure, -sion, -tion, -ence, -ance, -té, and -ette are usually feminine.
Articles and adjectives must agree in number and gender with the nouns they modify. And articles have to be expressed even though they aren't always in English; and you may have to repeat the article in some cases. Demonstratives are like strong definite articles.
Definite Articles (The)
Masculine
Feminine
Before Vowel
Plural
le lit the bed
la pommethe apple
l'oiseau the bird
les gants the gloves
Indefinite Articles (A, An, Some)
Masculine
Feminine
Plural
un lit a bed
une pommean apple
des gants some gloves
Demonstrative Adjectives (This, That, These, Those)
Masc.
Masc, Before Vowel
Fem.
Plural
ce lit this/that bed
cet oiseau this/that bird
cette pommethis/that apple
ces gants these/those gloves
If you need to distinguish between this or that and these or those, you can add -ci to the end of the noun for this and these, and -là to the end of the noun for that and those. For example, ce lit-ci is this bed, while ce lit-là is that bed.
5. Useful Words and General Vocabulary
It's / That's
c'est
say
There is/are
il y a
eel-ee-yah
There is/are
voilà
vwah-lah
Here is/are
voici
vwah-see
and
et
ay
always
toujours
too-zhoor
but
mais
may
often
souvent
soo-vawn
now
maintenant
mahnt-nawn
sometimes
quelquefois
kell-kuh-fwah
especially
surtout
sir-too
usually
d'habitude
dah-bee-tewd
except
sauf
sohf
also, too
aussi
oh-see
of course
bien sûr
bee-ahn sir
again
encore
awn-kore
so so
comme ci, comme ça
kohm see kohm sah
late
en retard
awn-ruh-tar
not bad
pas mal
pah mal
almost
presque
presk
book
le livre
leevr
friend (fem)
une amie
ew nah-mee
pencil
le crayon
krah-yohn
friend (masc)
un ami
ah-nah-mee
pen
le stylo
stee-loh
woman
une femme
ewn fawn
paper
le papier
pah-pyaya
man
un homme
ah-nohm
dog
le chien
shee-ahn
girl
une fille
feey
cat
le chat
shah
boy
un garçon
gar-sohn
Note: When il y a is followed by a number, it means ago. Il y a cinq minutes means five minutes ago.
6. Subject Pronouns
Subject Pronouns
Je
zhuh
I
Nous
noo
We
Tu
tew
You (informal)
Vous
voo
You (formal and plural)
Il Elle On
eel ell ohn
He She One
Ils Elles
eelell
They (masc.) They (fem.)
Note: Il and elle can also mean it when they replace a noun (il replaces masculine nouns, and elle replaces feminine nouns) instead of a person's name. Ils and elles can replace plural nouns as well in the same way. Notice there are two ways to say you. Tu is used when speaking to children, animals, or close friends and relativs. Vous is used when speaking to more than one person, or to someone you don't know or who is older. On can be translated into English as one, the people, we, they, or you.
7. To Be and To Have
Present tense of être - to be (eh-truh)
I am
Je suis
zhuh swee
We are
Nous sommes
noo sohm
You are
Tu es
tew ay
You are
Vous êtes
voo zett
He is She is One is
Il est Elle est On est
eel ay ell ay ohn ay
They areThey are
Ils sont Elles sont
eel sohn ell sohn
Past tense of être - to be
I was (being)
j'étais
zhay-teh
We were (being)
nous étions
ay-tee-ohn
You were (being)
tu étais
ay-teh
You were (being)
vous étiez
ay-tee-ay
He was (being) She was (being) One was (being)
il était elle était on était
ay-teh ay-teh ay-teh
They were (being)They were (being)
ils étaient elles étaient
ay-teh ay-teh
Note: Je and any verb form that starts with a vowel (or silent h) combine together for ease of pronunciation.
Future Tense of être - to be
I will be
je serai
suh-reh
We will be
nous serons
suh-rohn
You will be
tu seras
suh-rah
You will be
vous seriez
suh-ree-ay
He will be She will be One will be
il sera elle sera on sera
suh-rahsuh-rahsuh-rah
They will beThey will be
ils seront elles seront
suh-rohn suh-rohn
Note: You must use the subject pronouns; but I will leave them out of future conjugations.
Present tense of avoir - to have (ah-vwahr)
I have
j'ai
zhay
We have
avons
ah-vohn
You have
as
ah
You have
avez
ah-vay
He/she has
a
ah
They have
ont
ohn
Past tense of avoir - to have
I had
j'avais
zhah-veh
We had
avions
ah-vee-ohn
You had
avais
ah-veh
You had
aviez
ah-vee-ay
He/she had
avait
ah-veh
They had
avaient
ah-veh
Future tense of avoir - to have
I will have
j'aurai
zhoh-reh
We will have
aurons
oh-rohn
You will have
auras
oh-rah
You will have
aurez
oh-ray
He/she will have
aura
oh-rah
They will have
auront
oh-rohn
Avoir and être are used in many common and idiomatic expressions that should be memorized:
avoir chaud - to be hot avoir froid - to be cold avoir peur - to be afraid avoir raison - to be right avoir tort - to be wrong avoir faim - to be hungry avoir soif - to be thirsty avoir sommeil - to be sleepy avoir honte - to be ashamed avoir besoin de - to need avoir l'air de - to look like, seemavoir envie de - to feel like avoir de la chance - to be lucky
être de retour - to be back être en retard - to be late être en avance - to be early être d'accord - to be in agreement être sur le point de - to be about to être en train de - to be in the act of être enrhumée - to have a cold nous + être (un jour) - to be (a day)
J'ai froid. I'm cold. Tu avais raison. You were right. Il aura sommeil ce soir. He will be tired tonight. Elle a de la chance! She's lucky! Nous aurons faim plus tard. We will be hungry later. Vouz aviez tort. You were wrong. Ils ont chaud. They are hot. Elles avaient peur hier. They were afraid yesterday.
Je suis en retard! I'm late! Tu étais en avance. You were early. Elle sera d'accord. She will agree. Nous sommes lundi. It is Monday. Vous étiez enrhumé. You had a cold. Ils seront en train d'étudier. They will be (in the act of) studying. Elles étaient sur le point de partir. They were about to leave. On est de retour. We/you/they/the people are back.
8. Question Words
Who
Qui
kee
What
Quoi
kwah
Why
Pourquoi
poor-kwah
When
Quand
kawn
Where
Où
ooh
How
Comment
kohn-mawn
How much / many
Combien
kohn-bee-ahn
Which / what
Quel(le)
kehl
9. Numbers / Les numéros
Zero
Zéro
zay-roh
One
Un
ahn
Two
Deux
duh
Three
Trois
twah
Four
Quatre
kat
Five
Cinq
sahn
Six
Six
seess
Seven
Sept
set
Eight
Huit
weet
Nine
Neuf
nuhf
Ten
Dix
deess
Eleven
Onze
ohnz
Twelve
Douze
dooz
Thirteen
Treize
trehz
Fourteen
Quatorze
kah-tohrz
Fifteen
Quinze
kanz
Sixteen
Seize
sez
Seventeen
Dix-sept
dee-set
Eighteen
Dix-huit
deez-weet
Nineteen
Dix-neuf
deez-nuhf
Twenty
Vingt
vahn
Twenty-one
Vingt et un
vahn tay ahn
Twenty-two
Vingt-deux
vahn duh
Twenty-three
Vingt-trois
vahn twah
Thirty
Trente
trawnt
Thirty-one
Trente et un
trawnt ay uhn
Thirty-two
Trente-deux
trawnt duh
Forty
Quarante
kuh-rawnt
Fifty
Cinquante
sank-awnt
Sixty
Soixante
swah-ssawnt
Seventy
Soixante-diz
swah-ssawnt deez
(Belgium & Switzerland)
Septante
seh-tahnt
Seventy-one
Soixante et onze
swah-ssawnt ay ohnz
Seventy-two
Soixante-douze
swah-ssawnt dooz
Eighty
Quatre-vingts
ka-truh vahn
(Belgium & Switzerland)
Huitante
weet-ahnt
Eighty-one
Quatre-vingt-un
ka-truh vahn tahn
Eighty-two
Quatre-vingt-deux
ka-truh vahn duh
Ninety
Quatre-vingt-dix
ka-truh vahn deez
(Belgium & Switzerland)
Nonante
noh-nahnt
Ninety-one
Quatre-vingt-onze
ka-truh vahn ohnz
Ninety-two
Quatre-vingt-douze
ka-truh vahn dooz
One Hundred
Cent
sawnt
One Hundred One
Cent un
sawnt ahn
Two Hundred
Deux cents
duh sawnt
Two Hundred One
Deux cent un
duh sawnt ahn
Thousand
Mille
meel
Two Thousand
Deux mille
duh meel
Million
Un million
ahn meel-ee-ohn
Note: French switches the use of commas and periods. 1,00 would be 1.00 in English. Belgian and Swiss French use septante, huitante and nonante in place of the standard French words for 70, 80, and 90. Also, when the numbers 5, 6, 8, and 10 are used before a word beginning with a consonant, their final consonants are not pronounced.
Ordinal Numbers
first
premier, première
second
deuxième
third
troisième
fourth
quatrième
fifth
cinquième
sixth
sixième
seventh
septième
eighth
huitième
ninth
neuvième
tenth
dixième
eleventh
onzième
twelfth
douzième
twentieth
vingtième
twenty-first
vingt et unième
thirtieth
trentième
Note: The majority of numbers become ordinals by adding -ième. But if a number ends in an e, you must drop it before adding the -ième. After a q, you must add a u before the -ième. And an f becomes a v before the -ième.
10. Days of the Week / Les jours de la semaine
Monday
lundi
lahn-dee
Tuesday
mardi
mahr-dee
Wednesday
mercredi
mare-kruh-dee
Thursday
jeudi
zhuh-dee
Friday
vendredi
vahn-druh-dee
Saturday
samedi
sahm-dee
Sunday
dimanche
dee-mahnsh
day
le jour
luh zhoor
week
la semaine
lah suh-men
today
aujourd'hui
oh-zhoor-dwee
yesterday
hier
ee-air
tomorrow
demain
duh-mahn
Note: Articles are not used before days, except to express something that happens habitually on a certain day, such as "on Monday." (you would use le before the day, as in "le lundi")
11. Months of the Year / Les mois de l'année
January
janvier
zhan-vee-ay
February
février
fay-vree-ay
March
mars
marz
April
avril
ah-vril
May
mai
may-ee
June
juin
zhwahn
July
juillet
zhwee-ay
August
août
oot
September
septembre
sep-tawm-bruh
October
octobre
ahk-toh-bruh
November
novembre
noh-vawm-bruh
December
décembre
day-sawm-bruh
Month
le mois
luh mwah
Year
l'an / l'année
lawn/law-